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Cryptographic Hash Functions

Hash functions are one of the fundamental components of modern cryptography, so I thought it might be a good place to start talking about more advanced concepts.

A hash function is a mathematical procedure that converts arbitrarily length data into fixed size binary strings.

For example:

“” (empty string)
d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e

“test”
098f6bcd4621d373cade4e832627b4f6

“A really long text to demonstrate the fact that the [...]

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How to solve the Rubik’s Cube: Step 2

The second step to solve the Rubik’s Cube is to complete the second (center) row.

After you complete  Step 1 , you will end up having 4 edge pieces on each side that require replacement.  The correct edge pieces are often at the bottom of the cube, or sometimes on the sides of the cube but [...]

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How to solve the Rubik’s Cube: Step 1

I first got introduced to the Rubik’s Cube when I was about 10 years old. That was early 80′s and it was almost as hip as heavy metal music and mullets; so you had to try hard not to bump into one. I happened to be a boarding student at the time, and all of [...]

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Cryptography Basics

Cryptography is a word derived from two ancient Greek words, kryptos and graphein which mean hidden and write, respectively. Although the direct translation means something like “hidden write/text”, it is actually the meaning of the text that is hidden, not the text itself.

Hiding the medium on which the message was written is named as “steganography”, [...]

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